Male: 5-6.5 feet (nose to tip of tail) Female: 4.5 to 6 feet
Average height
26 to 32 inches
Average weight
Male: 80-110 lbs. Female: 60-80 lbs.
Average paw size
4 inches wide by 5 inches long
Pelage
Any shade of gray, brown, black, white, or tawny; rust (a single litter can contain a variation of colors)
Number of teeth
42
Breeding season
Mid-January to Mid-April (depending on climate-the colder the climate, the later the breeding season)
Gestation Period
63 days on average
Weight at birth
1 pound on average
Litter size
4-6 pups on average
Pup mortality rate
Highly variable, but approximately 40-60% per year
Pack size
6-8 members on average
Pack territory/ size
10-100 square miles per animal
Speed
6 miles on average but can reach speeds of 43 mph during a chase
Common prey
Caribou, elk, deer, bison, musk-oxen, sheep, goats. Also will prey on rodents, beavers, fish, and birds. Basically whatever is available when ungulate are scarce.
Wolf to deer ratio
One wolf to a population of 50-200 deer
Life span:
Roughly 6 – 10 years in the wild. They can live up to 18 years in captivity.
Threats
Loss of habitat due to destruction, development and encroachment by humans, persecution by humans.
